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Scientists Warn of Risks Posed by Potential Creation of Mirror Bacteria

Tuesday, December 17, 2024 / No Comments

 

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A group of 38 scientists from nine countries has raised concerns about the potential development of "mirror bacteria" — synthetic organisms with molecular structures that are reversed compared to those found in nature. These organisms, though still theoretical and likely decades away, could pose significant risks to humans, animals, and plants by bypassing natural immune defenses.

The researchers, whose report was published in the journal Science, emphasized that the dangers associated with mirror bacteria are unprecedented and largely overlooked. While some scientists have begun exploring the possibility of creating life composed entirely of mirror-image biological molecules, the authors argue that such research warrants careful scrutiny and caution.

All known life on Earth shares a uniform chirality, or handedness, where molecules like DNA, RNA, and proteins are oriented in specific ways. This handedness is essential for biological interactions, much like a right-handed glove cannot fit a left hand. If mirror bacteria were to be created, their reversed molecular structures could evade immune recognition, potentially leading to devastating infections.

Initially skeptical, the authors — including experts in immunology, ecology, evolutionary biology, and biosecurity — now express deep concern over the consequences of such organisms escaping laboratory containment. One of the report’s coauthors, Jonathan Jones from The Sainsbury Laboratory, warned that although the likelihood of a disaster is low, the consequences could be catastrophic. The scientists recommended halting research aimed at creating mirror bacteria unless compelling evidence proves the safety of such endeavors.

While mirror bacteria remain far from reality, the report highlighted the growing interest from researchers and funding bodies in exploring synthetic life. Current efforts focus on creating cells using standard molecules to better understand life’s origins and applications, such as drug development. The scientists noted that the same methods could, in theory, be used to create mirror-image cells, though substantial technical challenges remain.

The report stressed that the technology to achieve this feat is still at an early stage. Successfully creating mirror bacteria would require decades of effort and resources comparable to the Human Genome Project. However, scientists warn that if mirror organisms were ever developed, they could invade ecosystems, mutate, and evolve, potentially causing irreversible damage to plant and animal species, including humans.

Some experts, like Tom Ellis from Imperial College London, believe the concerns are valid but premature, given the enormous scientific hurdles. Ellis described the task of creating mirror life as exponentially more challenging than current synthetic biology projects, equating it to preparing to land on Mars while dreaming of interstellar travel.

For now, mirror bacteria remain speculative, but the scientists urge global caution, warning against letting curiosity outpace safety in such groundbreaking research.

Recent Study: 30 Minutes of Exercise Improves Memory

Thursday, December 12, 2024 / No Comments
gym athletesA recent study has uncovered a fascinating connection between physical activity and cognitive health, revealing that exercising for just 30 minutes can significantly improve memory. This breakthrough underscores the role of regular exercise not only in physical well-being but also in enhancing mental capabilities, particularly memory retention and recall.

The research suggests that moderate exercise stimulates blood flow to the brain, increasing oxygen and nutrient delivery to areas critical for memory formation, such as the hippocampus. Furthermore, it promotes the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that supports the growth of new neurons and strengthens synaptic connections, both of which are essential for learning and memory.

This discovery is particularly valuable for students, professionals, and older adults seeking ways to maintain or improve their cognitive functions. Activities such as jogging, cycling, swimming, or even brisk walking can serve as effective and accessible ways to harness these benefits.

The findings also highlight the broader implications of exercise on mental health, as improved memory often correlates with better focus, problem-solving abilities, and emotional resilience. Beyond the gym, even engaging in daily physical activities like gardening, yoga, or household chores could contribute to these cognitive enhancements.

These insights encourage a shift in perspective about physical fitness, positioning exercise not only as a tool for physical strength but also as a means to sharpen the mind and potentially delay age-related cognitive decline. The study reinforces the idea that dedicating just 30 minutes a day to physical activity can yield profound and lasting benefits for both body and mind.

Older Americans Struggle with Healthcare Affordability Compared to Other Nations

Friday, December 6, 2024 / No Comments

 

old american healthcareOlder Americans face significant financial barriers to healthcare access, particularly when compared to seniors in other high-income countries. The 2024 "Mirror, Mirror" report from the Commonwealth Fund reveals that despite programs like Medicare, many U.S. seniors are burdened by high out-of-pocket costs, including premiums, deductibles, and co-pays, which make it harder for them to afford necessary care.
In contrast, countries such as the Netherlands,Germany, and the United Kingdom have universal health systems that provide more affordable options, with low or no cost-related barriers to accessing care. For example, in the U.K., the National Health Service (NHS) offers comprehensive services without direct costs at the point of care, while Germany caps out-of-pocket expenses based on income.
In these countries, seniors are less likely to skip treatments or forgo medications due to cost, a trend seen more frequently in the U.S., where nearly one in five older adults report such challenges. These findings highlight the stark disparities in healthcare affordability, with the U.S. ranking lower on accessibility and affordability despite its higher healthcare spending.

Mysterious Illness Claims Lives of Dozens in Congo, Authorities Investigate

Wednesday, December 4, 2024 / No Comments

 


à patient and nurseA mysterious illness has reportedly claimed the lives of at least 30 people in the Kasaï province of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Local health authorities are investigating the outbreak, which has primarily affected children under 5 years old. Symptoms include fever, headaches, and swollen glands, though the exact cause of the illness remains unknown.

Initial concerns suggest it could be related to viral or bacterial infections, with measles and typhoid among potential suspects, but no definitive diagnosis has been made. The health ministry and the World Health Organization (WHO) are collaborating to address the situation. Officials have launched efforts to treat the affected population and contain the spread while awaiting laboratory results to determine the precise cause.

The remote and underdeveloped region poses challenges for health interventions, including limited access to medical resources and infrastructure. This incident underscores the need for strengthened healthcare systems in such areas to address outbreaks effectively.

Breakthrough Balloon Device for Weight Loss

Tuesday, December 3, 2024 / No Comments

 

Breakthrough Balloon DeviceScientists have recently introduced an innovative balloon-like device designed to aid in weight loss by helping individuals control their appetite and reduce food intake. The device works by inflating before a meal, creating a feeling of fullness in the stomach, which mimics the sensation of having eaten a large meal. This artificial fullness helps to curb hunger and reduces the urge to overeat, making it easier for individuals to manage portion sizes and limit their calorie consumption.

The balloon-like device is designed to be easily inserted and inflated within the stomach before eating, providing a non-invasive method of appetite control. Once the meal is completed, the device deflates, returning the stomach to its normal state. This process helps simulate the natural feeling of satiety that occurs after eating a satisfying meal. By mimicking the physiological effects of fullness, the device reduces the need for extreme dietary restrictions or drastic calorie cutting, offering a more manageable and sustainable approach to weight loss.

The potential benefits of this device go beyond weight loss alone. It could also help individuals who struggle with overeating due to emotional or psychological factors, as it addresses the physical sensations of hunger and fullness. By reducing food cravings, the device may improve an individual's ability to stick to healthier eating habits and make better food choices.

However, while the concept holds promise, scientists are still conducting research to determine the long-term effectiveness, safety, and comfort of the device. Extensive testing will be required to understand how well it works across different individuals, as well as to ensure it does not cause any adverse effects or interfere with normal digestion. Furthermore, the device may need to be tailored to each person’s specific needs and eating habits to ensure optimal results.

Overall, this balloon-like device represents an exciting step forward in the field of weight loss technology, offering an alternative for those who may struggle with conventional methods such as dieting, exercise, or medications. It could provide a new way for individuals to achieve sustainable weight loss and improve their overall health without resorting to invasive surgery or drastic lifestyle changes.

Younger Diabetes Diagnosis Linked to Higher Dementia Risk

Sunday, December 1, 2024 / No Comments

Dementia photo
A study led by Xiang Qi, Ph.D., from New York University's Rory Meyers College of Nursing, found that individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at younger ages face a significantly higher risk of developing dementia later in life.
The analysis, which followed over 1,200 adults aged 50 and older for up to 14 years, revealed that the earlier the diabetes diagnosis, the greater the risk.For example, those diagnosed before age 50 were almost twice as likely to develop dementia compared to those diagnosed at 70 or older. Obesity further amplified this risk, making young, obese individuals with diabetes particularly vulnerable.
Researchers suggest that the link may stem from diabetes-related factors like high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation, which can negatively affect brain health. With type 2 diabetes increasingly common among younger populations, these findings underline the importance of early prevention strategies, including addressing obesity through lifestyle or medical interventions, to mitigate dementia risk in this group.

What is Methanol Poisoning?

Wednesday, November 27, 2024 / No Comments

Methanol PoisoningMethanol poisoning occurs when methanol, a toxic alcohol found in industrial solvents, antifreeze, and some adulterated alcoholic beverages, is ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Unlike ethanol, which is the alcohol in beverages, methanol is highly poisonous, and even small amounts can cause serious harm or death. Symptoms of methanol poisoning typically appear 12–24 hours after exposure, as the body metabolizes methanol into formaldehyde and formic acid, which are highly toxic. Early symptoms include headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, while severe cases may lead to blurred vision or complete blindness, confusion, seizures, coma, or death.

The primary causes of methanol poisoning include accidental exposure, intentional ingestion during suicide attempts, consumption of methanol-adulterated alcohol, and unsafe industrial use without proper precautions. Methanol poisoning is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Antidotes like fomepizole or ethanol can block methanol metabolism, and hemodialysis is often used to remove methanol and its toxic by-products from the bloodstream. Supportive care may also include intravenous fluids and bicarbonate to manage metabolic acidosis and oxygen support if needed.

Preventing methanol poisoning involves avoiding unregulated alcoholic beverages, properly labeling and storing methanol-containing products, using protective equipment in industrial settings, and ensuring adequate ventilation. Raising awareness about the dangers of methanol and enforcing stricter regulations on alcohol production can help reduce cases, particularly in regions where bootleg alcohol is common. Methanol poisoning is a significant public health concern that requires coordinated efforts to prevent and manage its devastating effects.

Bird flu virus was found in raw milk

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raw milk

Trump Health Nominee Advocates for Raw Milk Amid Bird Flu Concerns in California

President-elect Donald Trump’s pick for the nation’s top health position, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., has pledged to expand access to raw milk across the U.S. However, the recent detection of the bird flu virus in unpasteurized milk sold in California highlights the risks emphasized by health experts.

“Unpasteurized milk inherently carries potential infectious agents that can cause serious illness,” said Michael Osterholm, an infectious disease expert from the University of Minnesota, who has investigated foodborne outbreaks.

Last week, Raw Farm LLC in Fresno, California, issued a voluntary recall of its “cream top” raw milk after Santa Clara County health officials detected the bird flu virus during routine testing. The recalled milk, with a lot code of 20241109 and a best-by date of Nov. 27, had not been linked to any illnesses. Still, state health officials have urged consumers to avoid drinking the milk and retailers to remove it from shelves.

Bird Flu and Raw Milk: What We Know

The virus, also known as H5N1 influenza, was first confirmed in U.S. dairy cattle earlier this year and has since spread extensively, particularly in California, where over 435 dairy herds have been infected—more than any other state. Testing by government scientists has revealed that pasteurization effectively neutralizes the virus, along with harmful bacteria like E. coli and salmonella.

While bird flu has yet to infect humans through raw milk consumption, experts remain cautious. Studies show that animals fed raw milk containing the virus, such as mice and farm cats, suffered severe illness and death. Nicole Martin, a microbiologist at Cornell University, emphasized the need for vigilance: “We don’t yet know if humans can contract H5N1 from drinking raw milk, but there’s enough evidence to warrant caution.”

The Appeal of Raw Milk

Raw milk consumption remains a niche but notable trend in the U.S., with around 11 million adults drinking it annually. Advocates claim it offers superior taste and potential health benefits. Prominent supporters include Kennedy himself, who has vowed to end the FDA’s restrictions on raw milk.

Raw Farm owner Mark McAfee, whose products have been consumed by Kennedy, said raw milk offers a “safe, delicious, and complete” alternative to pasteurized options.

Health Officials Issue Warnings

Despite its appeal, raw milk has long been associated with foodborne illnesses. Between 1998 and 2018, the CDC documented over 200 outbreaks tied to raw milk, leading to 2,600 illnesses and more than 225 hospitalizations. Experts credit pasteurization with dramatically reducing dairy-related illnesses in the U.S.

“Raw milk poses real risks,” Osterholm warned. “The bird flu outbreak underscores the importance of rigorous safety standards in protecting public health.”

First U.S. Case of H5N1 Bird Flu in a Child Confirmed, Risk to Public Remains Low

Friday, November 22, 2024 / No Comments

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed on Friday the nation's first case of H5N1 bird flu in a child. The child experienced mild symptoms, is recovering, and received antiviral treatment for flu.

California’s public health department initially reported the case on Tuesday, emphasizing there is no evidence of human-to-human transmission. Family members of the affected child tested negative for the virus.

The CDC reiterated that there is no indication the virus spread from the child to others but is continuing to conduct contact tracing. While the initial test detected low levels of the virus, a subsequent test several days later returned negative for H5N1 but positive for other common respiratory viruses.

The CDC emphasized that no cases of person-to-person transmission of H5N1 have been documented in the United States to date, and the risk to the general public remains low.

This marks the 55th human case of H5 bird flu in the U.S. this year, with 29 of those cases occurring in California. Most infections have been linked to exposure to infected poultry or livestock, primarily among farm workers.

Given the potential for bird flu viruses to mutate and spread among humans, California health officials are closely monitoring both human and animal infections. The CDC and state health authorities have urged the public to avoid contact with sick or dead wild birds as a precautionary measure.

Cannabis May Cause Genetic Damage That Increases Cancer Risk

Tuesday, November 19, 2024 / No Comments

A groundbreaking study published in Addiction Biology warns of the serious health risks cannabis may pose, including genetic damage that could lead to cancer and affect future generations. Conducted by researchers from the University of Western Australia, the study found that cannabis can cause "genotoxicity" — damage to the genetic material in cells.
This type of cellular harm can interfere with mitochondrial function, which is crucial for energy production and chromosome integrity, ultimately leading to chromosomal damage.

Chromosomal damage is linked to cancer, accelerated aging, and even birth defects. The study highlights that these genetic risks are not limited to the individual user; they could potentially be passed down to offspring, raising concerns about the multigenerational impact of cannabis use.

Dr. Stuart Reece, one of the study's authors, emphasized that the risks of cannabis extend far beyond its immediate effects, challenging its reputation as a relatively benign substance. This research could have significant implications for public health policies, especially in regions considering cannabis legalization. It underscores the need for a deeper understanding of cannabis's long-term genetic effects, both at the individual and societal levels.

The study's findings contribute to growing evidence that the health risks of cannabis may be more complex than previously thought, advocating for more research into its genetic and cellular impacts. 

New Insights Reveal Alzheimer's Dual-Wave Progression and Hidden Early Damage

Sunday, November 17, 2024 / No Comments

Recent research has revealed that Alzheimer’s disease progresses through two distinct waves, offering new insights into its devastating impact on the brain. The first wave occurs silently, beginning years or even decades before symptoms emerge, as toxic proteins, including amyloid-beta, gradually accumulate. This early phase, often unnoticed, sets the stage for the second wave.

The second wave is marked by the rapid degeneration of neurons, driven by the interaction of accumulated proteins and other neurodegenerative processes, such as tau tangles and inflammation. This phase correlates with noticeable cognitive decline, including memory loss and impaired reasoning, hallmarks of Alzheimer’s.

Understanding these dual waves underscores the importance of early detection and intervention. Researchers are exploring ways to identify the disease during its silent stage using biomarkers and advanced imaging techniques. These insights also open doors for targeted treatments, focusing on halting or slowing down the progression during its early phase to prevent irreversible damage.

This evolving perspective on Alzheimer’s progression could significantly influence future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Scientists emphasize that unraveling the mechanisms driving these waves remains crucial for combating the disease effectively.

New Research Shows Standing Desks May Be Harmful to Your Health

Tuesday, November 12, 2024 / No Comments

 

Recent studies have raised concerns about the health benefits of standing desks, suggesting that prolonged standing may do more harm than good. While standing desks were initially thought to combat the risks of prolonged sitting, new findings show that standing for extended periods can lead to discomfort in the lower back, legs, and joints. 

Standing without movement can increase pressure on the spine and lower limbs, potentially contributing to long-term pain and fatigue. Experts recommend regularly alternating between sitting, standing, and moving to avoid the adverse effects of both postures. The key to health seems to lie in variety, with proper ergonomic practices playing a vital role.

 More research is being conducted to further understand how to optimize office setups for health. Adjusting height, frequency, and incorporating breaks can alleviate some of the risks associated with standing too long. Researchers urge caution, as the evidence continues to evolve, with some experts suggesting that simply standing may not provide the health benefits it was once believed to.

 Balancing sitting, standing, and walking throughout the workday may be the best approach for overall health and productivity.

Startup Lumicell Revolutionizes Breast Cancer Surgery with Real-Time Tissue Imaging

Monday, November 11, 2024 / No Comments

 

A new technology developed by the startup Lumicell, an MIT spinout, is providing surgeons with a real-time, in-depth view of breast cancer tissue during surgery, enhancing the precision and effectiveness of breast cancer procedures.

 By using a handheld scanner in combination with an optical imaging agent, the device allows surgeons to immediately visualize residual cancer cells in the surgical cavity, ensuring more complete tumor removal. This innovation helps minimize the likelihood of leaving behind cancerous tissue, which could otherwise lead to follow-up surgeries.

The technology integrates advanced imaging techniques with AI algorithms, enabling surgeons to assess tumor margins in real-time, as opposed to the current standard where pathology results take days. With this immediate feedback, surgeons can make more informed decisions during the operation, potentially reducing recurrence rates and improving patient outcomes.

 If widely adopted, Lumicell's approach could transform the standard of care by making surgeries more targeted, reducing the need for repeat procedures, and improving recovery times. The FDA's recent approval of Lumicell’s technology marks a significant step forward in personalized and precise cancer care​

Global Study Links Extreme Rainfall to Higher Mortality

Friday, November 8, 2024 / No Comments

 

A recent global study has shown a link between extreme rainfall events and increased mortality rates, emphasizing the significant health risks associated with climate change-driven weather extremes. When heavy rains occur, they can trigger flooding, landslides, and infrastructure damage, which not only directly threaten lives but also disrupt healthcare services, clean water supplies, and sanitation systems. 

This increases the risk of waterborne diseases, injuries, and even mental health challenges due to displacement and loss of property.

The study highlights that low-income and densely populated areas are particularly vulnerable, where housing and infrastructure may be less equipped to handle extreme weather. Moreover, the aftermath of such events often strains local healthcare systems, complicating the response to medical needs, and can lead to long-term public health impacts, including respiratory issues due to mold in water-damaged buildings and higher rates of infectious diseases. 

This research underscores the urgency of climate adaptation measures to prepare communities for the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall.

Study Finds Extra Education Does Not Prevent Brain Aging

Tuesday, November 5, 2024 / No Comments

 

Researchers were surprised to find that an additional 12 months of schooling did not affect brain structure or provide protective benefits.

Scientists from Radboud University Medical Centre in The Netherlands leveraged a “natural experiment” involving 30,000 British participants to precisely assess the long-term impact of an extra year of education on the brain.

Previous studies have highlighted many positive outcomes of education.

Generally, individuals who spend more time in school tend to be healthier, more intelligent, hold better jobs, and earn higher incomes compared to those with fewer years of education.

However, it remains uncertain whether extended education leads to changes in brain structure over the long term and guards against brain aging.

Many other factors impact brain structure – including childhood environment, genetic traits, and exposure to pollution – making it challenging to isolate the effects of education.

Prof. Rogier Kievit and Dr. Nicholas Judd of Radboud University recognized a “unique” opportunity to assess the effects of an additional year of schooling.

In 1972, a change in UK law increased the minimum school-leaving age from 15 to 16, while other conditions remained unchanged.

The researchers described this as an intriguing ‘natural experiment,’ an event outside their control that created exposed and unexposed groups.

For their study, published in eLife, data from 30,000 individuals who attended school during that period, including MRI scans taken 46 years later, were used, marking it as the largest brain imaging dataset globally.

The team analyzed the MRI scans for structural differences in various brain regions but found no significant differences between those with an extra year of schooling and those without.

Dr. Judd commented, “This surprised us.

“We know education has positive effects, so we anticipated that it might protect against brain aging.

“Age-related changes are evident in our MRI data, showing declines in total brain volume, surface area, cortical thickness, and poorer water diffusion. However, the extra year of education doesn’t seem to impact these areas.”

The researchers noted that while changes in the brain may have been evident right after the additional year of education, this was not captured in the study.

Kievit added: “It’s possible that education temporarily increases brain size, but it returns to its baseline later. After all, the brain must fit within the skull.

“It might be similar to physical training: intense exercise at 16 could enhance muscle size, but the effect may not last 50 years later.”

The team suggested that the extra education might induce microscopic brain changes that MRIs cannot detect.

Previous research and smaller studies have indicated that more education correlates with brain benefits.

For instance, individuals with more education tend to have better cognitive functions, superior health, and higher job prospects.

Kievit pointed out, however, that these associations are not evident in brain structure as viewed through MRI.

He concluded, “Our findings emphasize caution when interpreting causation from mere correlations.

“While we observe correlations between education and the brain, we do not see evidence of changes in brain structure.”

Wearable Devices for Neurons: Probing Brain Function and Restoration

Saturday, November 2, 2024 / No Comments


 MIT Scientists have developed innovative "wearable" devices that can wrap around neurons, offering new possibilities for probing and interacting with subcellular regions of the brain. These microscopic devices are designed to conform tightly to individual neurons, allowing for high-precision measurements and interactions at the cellular level. The concept is similar to wearable technology for humans but scaled down to interact directly with cells.

The primary applications of these neuronal "wearables" include detailed mapping of electrical and chemical signals in subcellular areas, which could provide deeper insights into how the brain functions at the most intricate levels. By accessing and monitoring these tiny regions, researchers can better understand processes like signal transmission and synaptic activity. This could lead to breakthroughs in understanding neurological diseases and disorders.

Moreover, there is potential for these devices to be used in therapeutic applications. For example, they could be engineered to deliver electrical stimulation or drugs directly to specific parts of the brain, possibly aiding in the restoration of lost brain functions or modifying neuronal activity to address disorders such as epilepsy or Parkinson's disease.


This new approach marks a significant step in neurotechnology, merging micro-engineering and neuroscience to create tools that are more integrated with biological structures than ever before.

New study shows that blood-based tests for colon cancer are not as effective as colonoscopies

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A study led by Stanford Medicine has found that blood tests can be a useful screening option for colorectal cancer for patients who might otherwise not undergo screening. However, these blood tests are not as effective as traditional screening methods like colonoscopies or stool-based tests.

Colonoscopy remains the gold standard for detecting colorectal cancer because it allows direct visualization of the colon and removal of precancerous polyps. Stool tests, such as fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) or stool DNA tests, are also proven to be effective non-invasive screening methods. Blood tests, while more convenient, tend to have lower sensitivity and may miss more cases compared to these established methods.

The researchers suggest that blood tests could play an important role in increasing screening rates among individuals who avoid more invasive or inconvenient methods. This could help identify cases of colorectal cancer earlier, when treatment is more effective. The findings highlight the need for continued patient education about the most effective screening options and the potential role of blood tests as a secondary alternative for those unwilling or unable to undergo standard screenings.

Blood Analysis Finds Heart Damage Linked to Inflammation in Long COVID

Thursday, October 31, 2024 / No Comments
Research led by the University of Queensland has identified inflammatory markers in the blood of long COVID patients, potentially explaining why many continue to suffer from cardiovascular issues


Associate Professor Kirsty Short explained that her team aimed to uncover the reasons behind persistent chest pain and heart palpitations frequently reported by long COVID patients.

"We found elevated cytokine levels—proteins that regulate inflammation—in blood samples from individuals about 18 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection," Dr. Short said.

"Lab tests demonstrated that even trace amounts of these cytokines had a direct impact on cardiomyocytes, the heart cells responsible for its pumping function."

According to Dr. Short, the role of chronic inflammation in prolonged cardiovascular symptoms was previously unclear, particularly in people with symptoms persisting beyond a year post-infection.

Published in Nature Microbiology, the study analyzed blood samples from 50 participants in Australia, including those with long COVID lasting over a year, people who had recovered from COVID, and individuals never infected with the virus.

The research team utilized "immuno-storm chip" nanotechnology, created at UQ's Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), to detect trace cytokine levels and cardiac tissue damage markers at single-molecule resolution in long COVID patients.

"It's still early days, and these findings need validation in additional patient groups, particularly those infected with newer SARS-CoV-2 variants," Dr. Short said.

"We’re also interested in exploring whether our results might apply to other long COVID symptoms, such as neurological or respiratory issues, since this study specifically focused on patients with chest pain and/or heart palpitations."

"Despite these limitations, this work sheds new light on the complexity of long COVID and could pave the way for improved diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of the condition."

This research was led by UQ Ph.D. candidates Jane Sinclair from the School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences (SCMB), Courtney Vedelago from AIBN, and Dr. Feargal J. Ryan from the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute.

The study was a collaborative effort involving UQ's SCMB, School of Mathematics and Physics, AIBN, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, along with the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, the University of Adelaide, the Australian National University, Mater Health Queensland, Mater Research Institute—UQ, and QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute.

Research samples were provided by the COVID OZGenetics study, Central Adelaide Health Network, and the David Serisier Research Biobank at Mater Research.














A New Implant Shows Promise in Reversing Drug Overdoses

Wednesday, October 30, 2024 / No Comments

 

This implantable device, though not yet tested in humans, shows promise in reducing opioid deaths, particularly among high-risk individuals. Designed to be placed under the skin similarly to a pacemaker, it has the potential to automatically detect an overdose and deliver life-saving naloxone.

 Joanna Ciatti/Northwestern University


Naloxone has been a life-saving treatment for reversing opioid overdoses, but its effectiveness depends on someone being present to administer it promptly—a challenge when many overdoses occur when individuals are alone. To address this issue, researchers have developed an implantable device called the Naloximeter. Powered by a battery and inserted under the skin, the device is capable of detecting the onset of an overdose, then automatically releasing naloxone into the bloodstream while alerting first responders. This innovative approach, reported on October 23 in Science Advances, has so far been tested only in animal models.

Researchers hope the Naloximeter implant could benefit high-risk individuals, particularly those who are newly sober after treatment or incarceration. People in early recovery face a 10 to 16 times higher risk of fatal overdose, as their opioid tolerance has diminished.
In 2023, the U.S. saw over 80,000 opioid overdose deaths. Robert Gereau, a neuroscientist at Washington University in St. Louis, emphasized the urgent need for new harm reduction methods to combat the worsening fentanyl crisis.

Traditional methods, like safe injection sites and hotlines, offer support when bystanders are present, while newer apps can alert responders. The Naloximeter, however, goes further: it actively delivers naloxone during an overdose, filling a critical intervention gap.
The Naloximeter’s sensor monitors oxygen levels, detecting the sudden drops characteristic of overdose. In future human applications, an alert would appear on the person’s phone, allowing them to dismiss it if false; otherwise, naloxone would be administered.

In animal trials, Gereau’s team tested various delivery methods. In pigs, they found that an intravenous catheter within the implant worked best, delivering 0.7 milliliters of naloxone in under a minute—enough for rapid brain action, notes materials scientist Joanna Ciatti of Northwestern University.

While clinical trials in humans are still distant, the technology is promising. Addiction researcher Monty Ghosh at the University of Alberta points out that its success will depend on the device's invasiveness, cost, and whether those at risk are open to such an intervention.

Scientists Discover Six New Genes Associated with Increased Cancer Risk

Tuesday, October 29, 2024 / No Comments

Scientists at decode genetics/Amgen, along with collaborators, have identified six novel genes with rare germline variants associated with cancer risk. Published in Nature Genetics under the title "Gene-based burden tests of rare germline variants identify six cancer susceptibility genes," the study provides new insights into genetic predispositions to cancer.

Certain cancers are linked to rare genetic variants inherited from birth, significantly increasing cancer risk. Discoveries of variants like those in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have led to advancements in early detection and targeted therapies, which have improved outcomes for individuals with these mutations.

In this study, researchers analyzed genetic data from 130,991 cancer patients and 733,486 controls, all of European descent, across 22 cancer types. The gene-based burden analysis revealed four novel genes linked to higher cancer risks: BIK for prostate cancer, ATG12 for colorectal cancer, TG for thyroid cancer, and CMTR2 for both lung cancer and cutaneous melanoma. Variants in these genes increased cancer risk by 90% to 295%, although the study design limits accurate lifetime risk estimates.

Remarkably, the researchers also identified genes with rare variants associated with reduced cancer risk. Specifically, loss of AURKB was found to confer protection against various cancers, while loss of PPP1R15A was linked to a 53% reduction in breast cancer risk. This suggests PPP1R15A inhibition could serve as a potential therapeutic approach for breast cancer.

These findings shed light on the biological mechanisms of cancer susceptibility, paving the way for improved screening and treatment strategies.